Analysis of Stability and Required Offset with Vibration Velocity Considering Conditions of Bedrock and Explosive Charges Using the TBM and NATM Extension Blasting Method

The development of underground spaces in urban centers has attracted significant research attention. Typical excavation methods for areas include the New Austrian tunneling method (NATM) and tunnel boring machine (TBM). NATM is superior terms ease construction economic efficiency; however, vibration noise are often cited as major complaints. In addition to their high initial cost, TBMs require intricate analyses ground conditions during excavation. To overcome disadvantages both reduce time, a TBM parallel recently been investigated. this study, effects blasting vibrations on TBM, backup device, surrounding were examined an application rear expansion after pilot using TBM. Different rock types powder factors simulated, differences velocity according variations predicted 3D numerical analysis.